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In the latest National Electrical Code 2020, there are Optical fiber cables with the following classification: OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFCG, OFN, and OFC. The following article briefly introduces these cable codes:

Most fiber optic transceivers we are using in the WDM transmission system are with fixed wavelength, neither a CWDM or DWDM wavelength. It will result in a huge back system in the case a certain transceiver is broken. while a tunable DWDM transceiver is an idea solution for it since it is able to adjust the wavelengths according to the lambda requirement of the system.

LSZH (low smoke zero halogen), or with variant name called LSHF (Low Smoke Halogen Free) and LS0H Cable (Low Smoke 0 (zero) Halogen). The LSZH Cables is manufactured from thermoplastic compounds, it emits very little smoke when burnt, beside it Low Smoke Zero Halogen cable is that they are much lighter to work with and are more environmentally friendly.

Currently, 400G QSFP-DD transceivers use 8 pairs of MMF to transmit signal in short distance, while bidirectional (BiDi) technology enables users to save the fibers for new data center deployment or maximize their usage of the existing fiber cabling infrastructure. the following article briefly explains the latest connector for QSFP-DD BIDI transceivers.

The next-generation NG-PON should satisfy demands for increasing traffic and higher bandwidths. All future strategies for NG-PON evolution are expected to deploy WDM. The candidate systems are based on evolutionary growth. Current GPON systems are intended to migrate to NG-PON applying identical colorless ONTs. The migration would occur in the same optical distribution network which implies coexistence. The advantage appears in cost saving, easier planning, maintaining and expanding of this network. The evolutionary growth under NG-PON is based on the demand of the minimal equipment investments. NG-PON should operate with the same infrastructure as GPON. However, coexistence should be supported by some preventative measures to avoid interferences between downstream and upstream channels of GPON and NG-PON. Therefore, current GPON and NG-PON coexistence requires wavelength separation of signals assigned for ONTs of GPON, 10 Gbit PON (called: XG-PON) and WDM-PON. Low-cost WDM are required for the wavelength band separation to ensure that GPON ONTs can operate undisturbed alongside NG-PON deployments. Thin-film passive filters (TFF) are suitable low-cost, ONT-independent (i.e. coexisting) and simple operation candidates.